Visiting the Tjong A Fie’s Mansion, Medan (棉蘭 張亞輝古居)

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“NEET”一族 毕业“啃”父母 长大不成人

“NEET"发源于上个世纪80年代的英国，是"Not in Education, Employment or Training"的缩写，指既没有就学，也没有工作或接受职业技能培训，而是必须依靠家人生活的青年人。调查显示，我国目前有七成的失业青年靠父母抚养，成为寄生家里的"NEET"或"啃老"一族。在失业青年家庭中，平均每个家庭负担1.2个失业者。其中，高学历、高知识型的"NEET"一族也为数不少。高校毕业生"NEET"族的涌现，引发了教育界和其他众多热心人士的担忧。

毕业"啃"父母，以"追求自由"的名义寄生

2002年毕业的西南政法大学本科生杨某已经在家"赋闲"三年多了，每天过着昼伏夜出的生活。当同学和朋友白天上班时，她就在家睡觉、上网、打游戏。一到晚上，杨某就开始四处打电话，约人吃饭、唱歌、蹦迪，总之是什么新潮玩什么。她说，不上班是因为不习惯被约束，想过一种自由自在的生活。

然而，为了杨某这种"自由"的生活，她的父母每个月要为她支付2500元的生活费。尽管杨某父母单位的效益目前都还不错，但他们看着一天到晚只知道玩的女儿也常常犯愁，自己还有两、三年就退休了，毕竟不能养女儿一辈子呀。令他们不解的是，好不容易供出的大学本科毕业生，为什么就非要在家闲着呢？！

面对父母的烦恼，杨某却很不以为然。她说："又不是非得我去赚钱养活家，只要我过得开心就行了，为什么一定要工作呢？！"

和杨某一样，有着高学历却在家靠父母养活的高校毕业生不是少数。小宇2000年毕业于湖北武汉某高校，专业是工商管理。毕业时他曾报考中南财经政法大学的研究生，但没有成功，之后就一直游荡在宜昌的家和武汉的朋友圈子之间。

“待业"五年，小宇现在显得更加迷茫。他告诉记者，和他同级毕业的同学，有些现在已经小有成就了，但他只能尽量不去想这些。他每个月可以从在宜昌经营房地产的父亲那里拿到2000元的生活费，但基本上是前半个月在饭馆、歌舞厅里潇洒，后半个月就天天吃泡方便面。

“没有目标和方向，只是得过且过，其实这种生活并不快乐和悠闲。"长叹一口气后，小宇说出了自己内心深处的感受。

长大不成人，学校、家长、社会谁之过？

根据老龄科研中心的调查，中国有６５％以上的家庭存在"老养小"现象，有３０％左右的成年人基本靠父母供养，这些早该自立的人为何长大却不成人呢？

小宇告诉记者，自己从小学到上大学都是父亲一手操办，而且十分顺利，没有遇到过挫折，所以不知道如何给自己的人生定"坐标"。当初父亲让他回去帮忙做生意，他也努力试过，但还是觉得不适合自己，于是又逃回武汉，还跑到北京、上海、广州等地四处飘荡。

重庆大学社会学教授周庆行说，这种情况在７０年代后期到８０年代出生的独生子女家庭里算是很典型的，由于父母的溺爱和包办，孩子丧失了自我分辨和判断的能力，而是从小就养成依赖的习惯，缺乏独立面对他人和社会的自信和能力。这可以说是家庭教育的一种偏差，父母过度的爱和干涉导致孩子即使长大也仍然难以自立。

今年全国"两会"期间，全国政协委员江中联提交了一份名为《关于积极稳妥安排"新失业群体"的建议》的提案。提案中指出，"新失业群体"的数量已经超过下岗职工等"老失业群体"，这是首次在一个较高的层面上关注中国的"ＮＥＥＴ"族。

专家分析了"ＮＥＥＴ"一族涌现的三方面因素：一是习惯于依赖父母的高校毕业生不愿意面对现实工作的压力，因而选择"寄生"父母生活；二是由于各种原因导致的就业障碍和就业压力，一些人在择业失败后，成为"ＮＥＥＴ"一族；三是一些高校毕业生对未来充满幻想，无法自我准确定位，也成为"ＮＥＥＴ"一族。实际上，无论是高校毕业生本人，还是家庭和学校，都对这个问题有着各自不可推卸的责任。

英国和瑞典早在上个世纪８０年代就注意到了"ＮＥＥＴ"一族现象。西方学者普遍认为"ＮＥＥＴ"的出现主要是教育环节的问题，例如教育太"刚性化"、职业教育不充分、对学生的就业指导滞后、对教育与就业之间的关系理解比较狭隘等等。

新失业群体，专家呼吁尽早解决

目前中国爆发的高学历"ＮＥＥＴ"一族现象已经引发了海内外的广泛关注，海外媒体也曾对此进行报道，而且这个问题也让许多专家深感担忧。

武汉大学法学院社会学教授周运清说，"ＮＥＥＴ"是社会之病，如果处理不好，就会导致严重的社会问题。直接影响包括对青年本身的发展、心理健康和家庭的经济负担等方面，间接还将影响中国教育业的发展，甚至社会经济的前进。

在日本，２００４年"ＮＥＥＴ"一族达７５万，舆论认为已经到了影响社会和经济根基的地步。日本政府由此加强了对"ＮＥＥＴ"一族的扶助，在１６个主要城市建立"ＮＥＥＴ"咨询中心，帮助其成功就业，并在２００５年预算中计划拨款８１０亿日元帮助年轻人提高工作积极性。

周运清教授建议，由于我们的社会还没有专门的部门来管理这样一个绝对数量不小的人群，目前我们所能做的就是一方面学校要提高教学质量和学生的综合素质，增强他们应付激烈社会竞争的能力和心态，引导帮助他们就业；另一方面也希望媒体和社会各界要积极关注这一群体和他们的生活状态，通过舆论引导他们面对现实。

江中联委员指出，首先政府应该成立专门机构，建立动态的管理方式，比如为这批人员建档，为其就业做好准备；二是开办专门针对新失业群体的职业培训学校，并对大多数家庭经济条件不好的减免学费；三是优先安排这些年轻不就业群体；四是对他们自主创业进行扶持，比如通过提供小额贷款、减免税收等措施，鼓励其积极就业。

不上学 不工作 — 日本出现“NEET”一族

新华网北京１月４日电 在日本，很多年轻人出于各种原因，即不上学也不工作，也不出去接受任何职业培训，而是选择呆在家中，并且这种现象大有愈演愈烈之势。究竟是什么原因促使他们作出上述选择，他们的生存状况如何？此间最新一期《环球》杂志刊载题为《寻求自立的“败家子儿”》的文章，介绍了这方面的情况，现将文章摘发如下：

“他们不是自由职业者，他们也不是失业者，他们是— NEET。”这段话出现在一本近期在日本备受关注的社会学著作《NEET》的封面上。

谁是NEET

NEET（即Not in Education，Employment or Training的缩写），一个新鲜的英语单词，被引入日本，专指既没有在上学或工作，也没有在接受任何职业培训的人。他们可主要分为以下４种类型：

享受型：反对社会道德约束，追求自由生活，类似上世纪６０年代末被摇滚精神感染的一代美国青年。他们目睹了父辈为全家人的衣食生计终日奔波，被套在住房、汽车的贷款里，而他们自己，要背离这一生活轨迹。

隐居型：缺乏社会关系基础，无法与周围人群沟通。更为严重的是，他们根本没有与人交往的愿望，只想躲在家里，或者属于自己的一个小空间，做一些自认为有趣的事情。

惊呆型：对社会有莫名的强烈恐惧感。家庭和社会的环境往往曾经对他们的性格和心理造成过很大的影响，在他们白纸一样的社会观上书写下了残酷竞争、惊涛骇浪、尔虞我诈等等。在他们眼里，似乎街上的每一个人怀里都揣着一把匕首，自己稍有不慎就会被别人置于死地。

受挫型：学习或工作中所遭受的挫折，导致对自身完全丧失信心，认为自己一无是处。学习成绩的不理想与家长的严格要求之间的距离，工作业绩和同事的差距等等，没能成为他们奋发的动力；相反，使得他们认为自已比别人差很多，面对任何事情，首先想到的都是“这样的任务，我根本没有能力完成，与其失败，不如根本就不要开始”。

NEET越来越多

NEET人群在日本近年来扩大的速度相当惊人。根据日本２００４年经济白皮书公布的数字，２００２年NEET人口为４８万人，２００３年增至５２万人，而日本全国失业总人口不过１４８万而已。

另据日本劳动政策研究所的调查，２００４年，日本１５━３４岁NEET人数达到７５万，这一数字是１０年前的１０倍。

NEET已经不再是边缘话题，而已经成为与每一个日本人生活息息相关的主题内容了。《NEET》一书的作者、东京大学著名劳动经济学教授玄田有史和自由撰稿人曲沼美惠，其实在书的开始就已经给人们清晰地勾勒出了NEET的形象。

他们不是自由职业者。至少要有职业，才能被称为自由职业者，只不过自由职业者在工作内容和时间上相对自由，受到的约束少而已。NEET根本没有职业，他们几乎完全不参与任何工作。

NEET也不是失业者。所谓失业，要先就业才有失业可言。NEET的年轻人，很多都从未工作过，更重要的区别在于，失业是被动地失去了职业，而NEET则正相反，他们是主动地不参与工作。

NEET因何产生

NEET的形成不能简单地归结为个体行为，不是在人生观和性格形成过程中独立于社会产生的。 虽然NEET几乎不接触社会，但正是社会、政治、经济、文化对他们所产生的影响造成他们远离社会的。人口结构老龄化问题以及经济不景气，在NEET人群增长过程中，起到了相当重要的作用。

根据劳动调查协会２００３年１１月到２００４年对东京大型公司的５１６５名３４岁以下的年轻职员所做的调查，７０％的被调查者承认：现在比以前更容易疲劳，如此高强度的工作状态使得工作内容和人际关系很容易出现问题。在刚刚进入大型公司的年轻职员当中，普遍有被用人单位欺骗的感觉，而只有不到３０％的人认为自己能在刚刚开始工作的岗位上坚持３年以上。

尽管日本人普遍承认“勤劳是国民的义务”，但是恶劣的工作环境不可能不让年轻人对工作产生厌倦和恐惧。

此外，人口结构老龄化虽是２１世纪全球普遍面临的问题，但在日本，这个问题显得尤为突出，甚至威胁到社会劳动结构赖以维系的养老金制度。２００４年通过的法律将社会养老金领取年龄从６０岁推迟到了６５岁。而民众普遍对养老金制度将来是否会进一步恶化不抱乐观态度。

人口结构变化对年轻人最直接的打击是：他们将来每１．３个人就要养活一个靠领养老金生活的人。

另外一个打击青年人就业的重要因素是伴随经济不景气，企业用人规模下降。从前日本传统的“内定”制度出现严重裂缝，中学和大学应届毕业生就业率持续下降。

帮助NEET回归

面对NEET人群迅速增长的状况，日本政府并未停留在挖苦和发牢骚的阶段，他们已经开始着手解决这个对未来社会劳动结构可能产生重大影响的问题。

厚生劳动省在不同层面组织教育机构和用人企业以及政府机构之间进行深度交流，目的是找出在经济不景气的前提下，如何保证年轻人，尤其是中学和大学的应届毕业生能够相对顺利地就业的问题。

学校也增加了对学生心理方面的辅导，并从最实际的生活和交际能力方面，对学生进行毕业前的就业适应能力培训。面对已经成为NEET的青年人，社会并没有放弃他们，而是予以积极的鼓舞，希望帮助他们重新返回社会的大舞台上。（完）

Sun rises on another epic historical drama

(China Daily)
Updated: 2009-05-26 11:36

Sun Honglei, who made his name playing an artist in Forever Enthralled (Mei Lanfang) and then a spy in Lurk (Qianfu), challenges himself yet again in a major new TV series.

Set from 1925 to 1949, The Road We Have Taken (Renjian Zhengdao Shi Cangsang) focuses on three children of a big family and their search for a political path in the chaos of 20th century China. Their life is set against a number of significant historic events, such as the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression (1937-45) and the foundation of the People’s Republic of China.

Sun plays the lead role, the youngest son named Yang Liqing. He is a gangster-turned Nationalist who eventually finds his true calling in Communism.

To create convincing war scenes, director Zhang Li hired the same Korean special effects team that worked on Feng Xiaogang’s The Assembly (Jijie Hao), China’s top-earning movie of 2007.

Costing 50 million yuan ($7.3 million), the daily show has a huge cast of 350 and will be broadcast on CCTV 8 from next Tuesday, repeated on CCTV 1 from the next day.

Close-up of ‘Four Generations Living Together’ Remake

The first episode of ‘Four Generations Living Together‘ aired on CCTV Tuesday night, giving a first glimpse into the highly anticipated 36-episode remake of the late, great Chinese writer Lao She‘s classic novel.

Poster of the new version of ‘Four Generations Living Together’

Invading Japanese troops entering China’s ancient capital of Peking (now Beijing). Laid-back citizens, confined in their courtyards and hanging the sun flag of Japan while dreaming of peace’s return…

The first episode of ‘Four Generations Living Together‘ aired on CCTV Tuesday night, giving a first glimpse into the highly anticipated 36-episode remake of the late, great Chinese writer Lao She‘s classic novel.

The story portrays life in Peking during the Japanese occupation through the stories of people from across the social spectrum. At the heart of the story is the Qi family, with four generations living together in a traditional Beijing courtyard home.

It may be too early to judge the cast’s performance based on only the very beginning of the story and character development, but comments and critiques from the audiences had already surfaced by the next day.

Sina.com’s latest online survey scoring the performances of the leading actors shows Zeng Jing, playing Elder Qi, and Zhao Baogang, portraying Guan Xiaohe, taking the lead in the ranking; followed by Huang Lei as Rui Xuan, the eldest son of the Qi family, Yuen Qiu as Da Chi Bao, and Jiang Qinqin as Yun Mei.

Huang Lei lost weight to better portray old-time intellectual Rui Xuan, a vulnerable but deeply ambitious character. Survey respondents approved his performance as very close to the original.

Jiang Qinqin‘s portrayal of Rui Xuan’s wife Yun Mei, a traditional Chinese woman who takes good care of her big family, didn’t measure up to expectations, some netizens said. However, the character of Yun Mei is conservative at the beginning, and viewers may yet get a better performance as the story develops.

Zhao Baogang is definitely a highlight. Reprising the drama 25 years later, actor-director Zhao does his best to infuse life into the character. His scenes in the first episode vividly convey the image of hypocritical and cheeky villain ‘Guan Xiaohe.’

Hong Kong actress Yuen Qiu also gave a striking performance in the signature role of Guan’s wife, Da Chi Bao, a tough and shrewd woman. Yuen Qiu made the most of this rich role by exaggerating her acting at times.

The remake’s theme song also made an impact with its strong opera style. ‘Chong Zhen He Shan Dai Hou Sheng,’ literally, “counting on the younger generation to revitalize the nation," is chanted by Class-A Peking opera actor Yu Kuizhi. It’s quite different from the rhythm in the previous Jingyun Dagu version by late female artist Luo Yusheng, which featured storytelling in the Beijing dialect accompanied by drum beats and two or three three-stringed instruments.

“The words are sung with complicated emotions aroused by family hatred as well as its call for vengeance against Japanese invasion in the play," Yu Kuizhi said. He added that he hoped the song, which is low-toned and moving, expressing plaintive sorrow and profound resentment, would touch the audience.

Four Generations under one roof

‘Four Generations under One Roof‘, an adaptation of Chinese notable late writer Lao She’s novel is very famous in China mainland. I haven’t read too much of original novel and also didn’t watch 1983’s version while I was in childhood.

   

The newly coming drama TV series, based on Chinese notable late writer Lao She‘s novel of the same title, the re-made version stars a powerful cast including director Wang Jun, leading actors Huang Lei and Jiang Qinqin.

 

Set against the backdrop of Japanese army’s invasion, it provides an insight into the life of Peiping (Peking) during the eight years of Japanese Occupation, which is epitomized into the life of a group of people with Qi family as the focus dwelling in the city’s traditional courtyards in a lane.

 

Normally, the official press proud said, within the Chinese literature of the war of Sino-Japanese war, which is peopled by heroic fighters and guerrilla underground. Lao She’s novel about the virtues and weakness of ordinary Chinese living under Japanese occupation stands alone. The documents evolving consciousness of national identity and resistances through each stage of  the conflict.

 

The most deeply attracted to the role is villain, when Peiping was under Japanese Occupation, many people abetted by plump, selfish, and luxury-living, seeks a lucrative post in the puppet government.

 

The worth of this novel, is Lao She’s last novel he wrote before he declared his allegiance to Communist China, it is still not clearly to indicates any radical thinking on revolution or revolutionary ideology. But the 2009 version TV series, director Wang Jun was confident to bring a completely different version. In his opinion, people would read the novel from a different perspective in different times. Many roles in series became CP guerrilla underground, but original book didn’t indicate whether CP or KMT. That was a great extent the result CPC, had assiduously built up a patriotic intelligentsia desirous of the nation.

 

The novel serve as witness to the spirit of hope in a people possessing “tremendous reserves of energy,” a people yearning to transform China into “the most cultured and civilized country in the world-powerful peace-loving.”

 

As far as psychological tensions were concerned, the dichotomy between filial piety and patriotism, should one stay under the Japanese to serve the aging parents or leave them to die and go to join resistance movement, that’s an ideal set-up which Lao She could use to show the strength of traditional and distress cause.

 

After finishing watch TV series, we know that, Chinese feudalistic thinking, which encourages people to become a high official but at the same time to remain a contented slave, Chinese educational system and methods, and Chinese habit of seeking shameful security at whatever cost-all these are hereditary national diseases. During times of peace these disease have made Chinese history colorless and dull; time crawled on like and old cow and Chinese can boast of very few inventions and contributions which have illumined the world. But when China faces a danger or crisis, these diseases break loose like tertiary syphilis.  

Love in a Fallen City premieres

Love in a Fallen City, changed from famous writer Eileen Chang’s novel, is to premiere at CCTV8 tonight, which tells a story about a profound love story happens in 1930’s Shanghai and Hong Kong. Popular and skilled actor Huang Jue and actress Chen Shu are in the leading roles, Chen Shu will challenge the classic character of Eileen Chang, Bai Liusu.

Love in a Fallen City is not the favorite of Eileen Chang but the favorite of Chen Shu. After reading the novel in 2002, Chen liked it so much. Chen Shu knows that there are a lot of Eileen Chang’s fans in China, she’s willing to listen the opinions on her performance from them.

LOFT

LOFT英文原意是指“在屋顶之下、存放东西的阁楼”。但现在所谓LOFT所指称的是那些“由旧工厂或旧仓库改造而成的，少有内墙隔断的高挑开敞空间”，这个含义诞生于纽约SOHO区。

当时，艺术家与设计师们利用废弃的工业厂房，从中分隔出居住、工作、社交、娱乐、 收藏等各种空间，在空旷的厂房里，他们构造各种生活方式，创作行为艺术，或者办作品展。他们把一层临街的房间改造成商店，出售自己的作品。因为没有多余的 钱去装修如此巨大的房间，于是这种工业建筑本身的特征被充分地裸露在外面，与橱窗和商品之间产生了巨大的视觉反差，这种视觉矛盾产生了令人好奇的效果。

因为个性、前卫，这些厂房广受年轻人青睐。在上世纪90年代以后，LOFT在很多国家都开始成为一种艺术时尚。

在我国，北京的798艺术区，昆明的创库，上海的田子坊、M50，杭州的LOFT49等都是有名的LOFT艺术区。 (肖导)

Screen adoptions of novels

urce: CCTV.com

04-20-2009 09:12

Screen adaptations of novels often have mixed fortunes…with many turning out to be a huge success, or a dismal failure. One successful example is the latest Oscar winning film, “Slumdog Millionare". In today’s “Spotlight", we take a look at some screen adaptations, both at home and abroad.

In China, the novel “Summer of Foam" is being made into a TV series and shooting has just begun. The lead roles are played by stars Huang Xiaoming, He Rundong, Barbie Hsu, and Ying Tsai-ling. Lead actor He Rundong, who is also the series’ producer, says they are being very careful about adapting the novel into a TV series. They have chosen quality stars who appeal to a young audience.

TV series “Love in a Fallen City", adapted from late writer Eileen Chang’s famous novel, features actress Chen Shu as the heroine.

Producer He Rundong said, “I persuaded Ming Xiaoxi, the writer of the original novel for two months, letting her to sell the adaptation rights to me. Now, you see our cast is very powerful, so I believe the series will be a success."

Another two screen adaptations in China are using stars to boost their image. The film “Night Rose" was adapted from Taiwan writer Cai Zhiheng’s novel of the same name. It stars Ruby Lin and Wallace Chung. Another TV series “Love in a Fallen City", adapted from late writer Eileen Chang’s famous novel, features actress Chen Shu as the heroine. Chen rose to fame by playing a mathematician in the hit TV series “Calculation". The novel is a classic in the eyes of many readers. Chen has done a lot of preparation for her role, hoping she can satisfy fans’ expectations.

The most successful adaptation of the year arguably goes to “Slumdog Millionare". It met Chinese audiences within the shortest time of all imported films, after its foreign premiere. It garnered eight Academy awards at this year’s Oscars.

e film, directed by an Englishman, and focusing on Indian society, tells a moving rags-to-riches tale of Jamal, and his unflinching pursuit of true love. The film won Best Adapted Screenplay at the Oscars and the British Academy of Film Awards. Director Danny Boyle says it was thanks to a good story.

But a good story doesn’t always lead to a good film. “Dragon Ball" has been rated by the fans of the original novel as the worst adaptation of the year. The cartoon novel, illustrated by cartoonist Toriyama Akira, has large fan base across the Asia, so fans had high expectations. But the film didn’t satisfy the novel’s readers. Even the lead actor Chow Yun-fat was not confident about the production upon the film’s release.

“Dragon Ball"

Actor Chow Yun-fat said, “The director told me to forget the cartoon image, and follow my pace. So I followed him. Every one of my moves was directed by him."

Due to a big departure in the look of the roles, in the plot, and in the action moves compared to those depicted in the novel, the film “Dragon Ball" turned out to be a failure.

Audiences are also expecting more adaptations of novels, like “Harry Potter and the Half-blooded Prince" and “Astro Boy". Fans of the novels are waiting to see if the visual story can make their idols really come to life.